Measuring cloud supercooled liquid water
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On 21 February it was raining and we did radiosonde launches together with the cloud sensor to measure the amount of the supercooled liquid water content in the clouds. At temperatures between 0ºC and -15ºC most clouds are composed of supercooled water droplets. Between -15ºC and -40ºC clouds typically made of a mixture of ice crystals and supercooled water droplets. The presence of supercooled liquid water in clouds occurs because of the relatively low amounts of cloud ice nuclei. At temperatures below -40ºC ice will form spontaneously (without ice nuclei). In Antarctica, satellite observations showed an important presence of mixed-phase clouds containing supercooled liquid water. The amount of the supercooled water in cloud is important for the formation of precipitation and also cloud radiative forcing at the surface (how much clouds cools and/or warm the surface by reflecting shortwave radiation and emitting longwave radiation). Supercooled liquid water in clouds pose icing pr